“I was in my minivan with my wife and kids, and we drove up next to a bus shelter in Toronto in February. And the bus shelter was a glass box with a woman in it huddled against the cold,” says the world-famous Toronto designer Bruce Mau, on the phone from Chicago. “And I turned to my wife and said, ‘In a million years, I’m not getting out of this minivan.’
“I mean, I’m an environmentalist and I absolutely know what to do. But that bus shelter is a big fat loser. And I’m not getting out of this van, and no one else who has a choice is either. If we use the same bus shelters as they use in Los Angeles, that ought to tip you off to something. Guys, it’s freezing here! How about we put the shelter in the bus shelter. Design it as an experience. My minivan has 17 cup-holders. What does that say? It says, ‘we understand you.’ The bus shelter has a metal bench. That says, ‘we don’t understand you.’”
Mau is explaining to me the evidence of the Toronto Transit Commission’s complete lack of “design thinking.” We’re on the subject because the Toronto writer and activist Joe Clark suggested to me that almost all the TTC’s problems could be traced to a an inability to employ or understand design thinking.
Before we get too far along, let’s clear up any confusion about the terminology. As Clark points out, design thinking is not about what font you use on the walls or the fabric of the uniforms or any of the other decorative elements one might think of when they hear the word “design.” It is, instead, a holistic way of viewing the organization in such a way that the customer’s interaction with it is designed as an experience.
Those old enough to remember the pre–Microsoft Windows world of computers might find the concept illustrated by Apple’s entry into the market. Once upon a time, computers were built for hobbyists and professionals, and the standard DOS operating system showed a plain monochrome screen and required memorizing a series of codes and key sequences to operate. As a result, the only non-computer-geek people using personal computers were those who had to do so for their jobs.
But when Apple came along with a graphical interface, whereby a user could manipulate a mouse to intuitively navigate the environment, in which the interface looked like something people could understand, the whole enterprise had broad appeal. So much so that Microsoft wrote its own graphic, mouse-based interface to compete. That’s the way we all experience computers now, and what Apple introduced was design thinking.
An example that might relate more directly to the TTC, as they are in the transportation business, is that of Porter Airlines. When Porter was preparing to launch, they hired celebrated magazine creator (of *Wallpaper and Monocle) and design thinking guru Tyler Brûlé to build their brand.
He and Porter created every element of the airline’s operation to reinforce the experience of hip, urbane luxury. From the make-your-own-lattes in the departures lounge and the free booze during the flight to the wide leather seats on the plane, from the retro-chic uniforms of the flight attendants to the contemporary modernist in-flight magazine, every aspect of a passenger’s trip wih the airline reinforces the idea of a comfortable, fun experience. The result helped create 300 per cent revenue growth at Porter last year (while the industry as a whole suffered in the recession) and articles about how New Yorkers consider flying Porter a trendy, upscale thing to do.
So as the TTC gets its emergency Blue Ribbon Panel on customer service up and running, now seems like an appropriate time to examine how design thinking might help them. Where to start?
Clark points out that the city of Manchester has made designer Peter Saville creative director, to celebrated results. He suggests that the TTC appoint a creative director and give that person complete authority. Someone like… Bruce Mau, perhaps the leading design thinker in the world.
So here’s Mau on the phone, talking about the concept. “The creative director concept is brilliant. That is a great idea. Hire a creative director who is oriented towards customer experience.” That in itself, he explains, would change almost everything.
“In some ways, the challenge that the TTC has is an almost universal challenge — it’s not unique to Toronto. The transit systems around the world are run from the perspective of the model that they’re working with, and they’re working with a train-kit model… they think a great system is one that performs like a train kit, on time. And what’s on the train is irrelevant to them. And the experience that people have in getting to the train, waiting for the train, riding on the train, getting off the train — it’s secondary, it’s not even on their radar screen of concern.”
And yet it is the cargo that is the whole system’s reason for being. A creative director would turn the perspective around. “You ask, ‘what actually happens here on a human level?’ And that would radically change the perspective on the system. Because, actually, the principal objective is experience. The principal objective is getting someone to work in a way that isn’t abrasive and offensive.”
Abrasive or offensive in the way that standing in an open-walled bus shelter in February is offensive. “If you look at it from a competitive standpoint, ask ‘are we designing it to compete?’ The slogan for the TTC is ‘The Better Way,’ but for that to be true, you’d have to find something that you could put next to it that was worse. So, if it’s going to be compared to other experiences that I could have between my home and my work, it’s probably not going to hit the level of the better way. That’s the reality of people’s decision-making. If you design it to lose, it’s a big loser. And currently that’s what it is. A better slogan might be ‘You Have No Choice.’ I guess it is the better way if the alternative is walking.”
Mau has recently been conducting a comprehensive plan for the future of Mecca, the holy city of Islam, and says in that project, he and colleagues at Northwestern University are studying the future of transportation. And, surprise surprise, it involves technology: “What you see is that all over the world there are people working on aspects of this problem. If you were the creative director of the TTC — aside from the slogan problem — you might look at integrating these new possibilities. So, for instance, there’s a project at Northwestern that looks at superimposing technology on the experience interface for transit. So when I wake up in the morning, instead of hoping that the streetcar is going to be there, I can see that the streetcar is going to be there. I can interact with it and understand what is going on in the system that I’m part of. All the way through — from what’s the technology on the car itself to knowing how many people we have on board and what are they doing and what’s going on? You can imagine a much greater knowledge base in the system itself.”
This is a key point, because the TTC, Mau points out, is not exactly building on the knowledge it has access to right now. “So if you design the system as a big fat negative, then it’s no wonder people are making video of you. Because they’re pissed. They’re having a terrible experience. Like, people don’t make those kinds of videos when they’re having a great time. The videos tell you something about your customers, and you should not be responding negatively to them. You should be saying thank you so much, because this is valuable information for us to understand your experience.”
Asked for some specific examples of things to change, Mau offers a few ideas — better bus shelters, introducing retail to subway stations on a bigger level, better technology. But really, he says he has a hard time thinking of examples of things he wouldn’t change.
“I think it’s so holistic you could practically put everything in that category of creating a negative experience. The only thing that is in the other category — and it’s not to be discounted, because it’s an incredible accomplishment — is efficiency and cleanliness. That in itself is a positive. But everything else, from the sound of the experience to the variety — we buy one bus and lots of them. Every streetcar and train is going to be the same. Can you imagine any other business that would make everything they do exactly the same? It’s like you have no hope for an exciting experience.”
And while Torontonians might groan in agreement, Mau sees that as an exciting opportunity. “Thinking about it from the experience standpoint — once you start to take that perspective, you just end up in a totally different place. You’re not going to build the buses and streetcars that you build, you’re not going to build the bus shelters that you build, you’re not going to run them in the same way that you do, you’re not going to design the interface in the way that you do, you’re not going to constrain people in the way that you do… you’re going to actually design it to win, and that’s a radically different model that, so far, no one has achieved. So it’s a big, big opportunity. If you did it, you would export it to the rest of the world and be famous.”